Essay due Monday 13 June 5 pm
blog due 20 June 5 pm
choose from one of three topics
1. discuss how techniques used in soviet montage movement have influenced the work of a contemporary film director or animator
2. discuss how the techniques used in German expressionist film have influenced the work of a contemporary film director or animator
3. discuss how the techniques used in the Surrealist film movement have influenced the work of a contemporary filmmaker or animator
Use provided essay template
classical Hollywood
1920s to 1950s known as Golden Age
refers to style,production and distribution of films made under Hollywood Studio System
MGM, paramount WB, rRKO, 20th century Fox
they owned whole process from stars to theaters
universal, Columbia, and united artists also, around, but didn't own theaters\
studio system:
enabled biggest studios in Hollywood to control movies how they were made and distributed
powerful system known as vertical integration because they controlled supply chain from top to bottom
MPPDA
Paramount and other majors consolidated power in 1922 through Motion Picture Producers and Distribution Association to self-regulate
neutralise increasing moral panic over disreputable nature of movies
encourage co-operation between majors effectively barrring new competition and restricting international access
work with US state department to lobby overseas govt who threatened to intro restrictions
block booking
studio would sell years worth of films to theatres as a unit
unit would only include on A budget movie and rest would be mix of dubious and lower budgeted b movies
big five had controlling stake sin their own theater chains which were exempt from block booking
1948 verdict in US vs. Paramount inc. outlaws practice of block booking and forced studios to sell their theater chains
Hays Code
in late 20s, came up with code to make films respectable to social and religious groups
Will Hays put self-regulatory code in practice remained in place until late 60s
for example:
sex: marriage must be upheld over all forms of sex no miscegenation, childbirth, seduction rape or pervsion
crimes against law: theft robber must not be detailed enough to teach, firearms restricted to essentials, no illegal drugs or liquor during prohibition
lawbreakers must be punished
Star system
studios owned their stars
stars were employees bound with contracts
studios built image around star to get public interest
contracts had morality clauses to try to stave off indiscretions that would ruin image
actors were artistically frustrated and could be loaned around to other studios only by their studio's permission
most films had narrative structure with beginning, middle and end, linear chains of cause and effect, generally provides comprehensive resolution, character goals psychologically rather than socially motivated
editing used to make edits invisible to avoid drawing attention to themselves
establishing shot long shot used to show beginning of scene and show transitions between locations
shot/reverse shot
180 degree rule- line of action between two characters center line of circle. cameras can move anywhere within that half of the circle and not change to the other side of the circle
30 degree rule
camera should move at least 30 degrees between shots of the same subject to occur in succession
if not followed it will create a jump cut that will bring attention to filming technique rather than the story
match on action
linking movements between one shot tot he next helps to hide the cut
eyeline match
first shot shows person looking off in one direction and second shots shows another person looking back in opposite direction
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